World Iron Deficiency Day, observed every year on November 26, aims to inform and raise awareness about one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide — iron deficiency. It is estimated that approximately 16.7% of the global population suffers from iron deficiency (or more specifically, dietary iron deficiency).
Iron is an essential trace element necessary for the proper functioning of the body, as it is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. When iron stores are low, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells, resulting in iron deficiency and, in more advanced cases, iron deficiency anemia.
What Are the Most Common Symptoms?
Iron deficiency often develops silently, without obvious symptoms in the early stages. As it progresses, however, it may present with various signs such as:
• intense fatigue and weakness
• dizziness or shortness of breath during physical activity
• pale skin
• brittle nails and hair loss
• headaches or difficulty concentrating
Who Is at Greater Risk?
Certain groups of the population have increased iron requirements and are therefore more vulnerable:
• women of reproductive age due to menstruation
• pregnant and breastfeeding women
• children and adolescents
• older adults
• individuals with chronic illnesses or gastrointestinal disorders that affect iron absorption
• people following strict vegetarian or vegan diets
Diet and Prevention
Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in preventing iron deficiency.
Iron-rich foods include:
• red meat, liver, and poultry
• legumes (lentils, chickpeas, beans)
• leafy green vegetables (spinach, kale)
• nuts, seeds, and fortified cereals
Vitamin C (e.g., oranges, lemons, peppers) enhances the absorption of plant-based iron, while excessive consumption of coffee, tea, and dairy products can reduce it.
Early Screening and Diagnosis
Iron is vital for energy and the proper functioning of the body. If you experience any of the above symptoms or a combination of them, consult your doctor promptly and undergo a preventive blood test.
To identify a possible iron deficiency, as well as to determine appropriate treatment, the following laboratory tests are required:
• Complete Blood Count (CBC)
• Ferritin – indicates the body’s iron stores
• Serum Iron
• Transferrin Saturation
• TIBC (Total Iron-Binding Capacity)
At Euromedica diagnostic centers, all these laboratory tests are performed daily. Our centers are fully equipped for reliable and rapid blood testing, ensuring accurate and consistent results. Additionally, in our diagnostic centers in Attica and Alexandroupoli, the Home Blood Sampling service is available for individuals who face mobility challenges.
If your test results indicate low ferritin and/or iron levels, your doctor may recommend an iron supplement (tablet or syrup) and provide further guidance for its management. Remember that medical supervision is essential before taking any supplement.