Heatstroke is one of the most serious forms of heat-related illness and may become life-threatening if not treated promptly. It is an acute disruption of the body’s thermoregulation, caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures and solar radiation—especially in conditions of high humidity and poor ventilation. It is more common during the summer months and primarily affects vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, children, and people with chronic illnesses.
Heatstroke occurs when the body is unable to sufficiently release heat, leading to an increase in internal body temperature (above 39°C/102.2°F). This dysregulation can cause serious damage to the central nervous system and vital organs if immediate medical intervention is not provided.
Clinical Symptoms
The most common symptoms of heatstroke include:
- High body temperature (above 39°C / 102.2°F)
- Severe headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness or fainting
- Altered mental state (e.g., confusion, lethargy)
- Red, dry skin
- Rapid heartbeat and breathing
- Muscle cramps (especially in legs and arms)
In advanced stages, convulsions, shock, or even coma may occur.
Prevention – How to Protect Yourself from Heatstroke
Heatstroke is preventable through practical and scientifically supported measures:
- Avoid sun exposure during peak hours (11:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.)
- Wear a hat, sunglasses, and use sunscreen
- Stay well-hydrated with water and electrolyte drinks – avoid alcohol and caffeine
- Dress in light-colored, loose-fitting clothing
- Stay in shaded or cool environments
- Pay special attention to vulnerable groups (elderly, heart patients, children)
Treatment – What to Do in Case of Heatstroke
Heatstroke is a medical emergency and requires immediate action.
If you suspect someone is experiencing heatstroke:
- Remove the person from direct sunlight and move them to a cool place.
- Remove excess clothing and cool the body using water or wet towels.
- Offer fluids if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
- If there is loss of consciousness, call emergency services immediately (dial 166 in Greece) and provide first aid until medical help arrives.
Heatstroke is a serious condition, but it can be prevented and treated. At Euromedica, we believe that timely recognition of symptoms and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures can help avoid severe complications. As healthcare professionals, we are committed to raising awareness and protecting the public—especially in light of the increasingly high temperatures observed in recent years due to climate change.