Colonoscopy is a diagnostic test used to check the lining of the bowel and the end part of the small intestine (ileum). It is the key test for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
For the test, the gastroenterologist uses an instrument called a colonoscope or endoscope, which is inserted through the anus and has a microscopic camera attached to a long, thin tube. The test allows the doctor to see and diagnose tissue inflammation, polyp development, ulcers, and any other pathological condition. Colonoscopy is a safe, painless routine examination that can easily, immediately and effectively prevent unpleasant health effects, and ultimately save lives.
When is a colonoscopy recommended?
Colonoscopy is divided into diagnostic and therapeutic. The cases that may lead a patient to a colonoscopy are the following:
- Preventive if over 50 years old even if there are no symptoms
- Blood in stool
- Disorder in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Anemia accompanied by fatigue and weakness
- Abdominal or rectal pain
- Findings from the colon on an imaging test such as CT, MRI, PET, etc.
- History of disease in the colon (ulcerative colitis, cancer, previous polyps, etc.)
Procedure:
Colonoscopy is not painful and is performed under sedation or anaesthesia. The time of a simple diagnostic colonoscopy is usually 30-45 minutes, however, it may take longer depending on the findings. The patient should undergo a proper bowel cleansing procedure before the examination, according to the gastroenterologist’s instructions, which includes a special diet and drinking a special preparation that causes watery diarrhea.
During the examination, the gastroenterologist, if he deems it necessary, takes a sample for biopsy, i.e. a small piece of tissue from the inside of the colon, which will be sent for histological examination. It is also possible that polyps may be found in the intestine and need to be removed, a procedure called polypectomy.
After the test, the examinee should remain in the recovery room for some time, where he or she is monitored until he or she has fully recovered. It is recommended not to drive for a few hours and rest for the rest of the day.
It is also recommended to avoid drinking alcohol, driving, lifting weights, working, and any physical exercise/activity. The gastroenterologist will give the patient all the necessary instructions.