Breast magnetic resonance imaging (breast MRI) is a modern and highly sensitive imaging test that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce high-resolution images of the inside of the breast. It does not use radiation (unlike mammography or CT scans) and provides three-dimensional images of soft tissues.
It has very high sensitivity for detecting even very small lesions, is suitable for dense breast tissue (where mammography may be limited), and is valuable in complex or high-risk cases. It is often used in combination with other tests (mammography, ultrasound) when more detailed investigation is required.
Breast MRI is indicated in the following cases:
- Screening high-risk women for breast cancer (e.g., with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations)
- Preoperative assessment of diagnosed cancer to determine the exact extent
- Evaluation of silicone implants (e.g., for rupture or leakage)
- Diagnosis of lesions that are not clearly visible on mammography or ultrasound
- Assessment of recurrence after treatment
- Monitoring of bilateral or complex cases
Procedure
The patient lies face-down in a special MRI scanner, with the breasts positioned in dedicated breast coils. An intravenous contrast agent (gadolinium) is administered to better highlight possible lesions. The examination lasts about 20–30 minutes and is painless, although it requires the patient to remain still.